Investment Banks

Goldman Sachs is an example an investment bank.
It focuses on advising corporations, governments, and institutional investors on deals, fundraising, and trading.
These transactions are very deal-driven

Its advisory division includes:
Merger & Acquisitions
IPOs and underwriting
ECM (Equity Capital Markets) - raising money using equity (IPOs, PIPs)
DCM (Debt Capital Markets) - raising money using investment grade bonds (debt securities, promissionary notes)
Leveraged Finance - raising money using high yield bonds
Restructuring
Research (Equity, Macro, Credit)

new issues (bonds and equities), rights issues, mergers & acquisitions, research.
new issues of bonds and equities involve pricing the securities, selling them to investors and underwriting and general advice on regulations that must be followed, close liasion with lawyers and accountants.
Underwriting is the undertaking to buy any securities that the investors cannot be persuaded to buy. Fees will be charged and the risk will be spread amongst other banks and investment institutions.

Inside a Global Bank

When this activity is done within a Global Bank, it is referred to as investment banking.